Free 010-160 Questions for Lpi 010-160 Exam [Jan-2024]
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The Linux Essentials Certificate Exam, version 1.6, is an industry-standard certification that is recognized by employers worldwide. Linux Essentials Certificate Exam - version 1.6 certification validates an individual's understanding of Linux and their ability to work with Linux systems. The Lpi 010-160 certification exam is an excellent starting point for individuals who want to pursue a career in IT as it provides a solid foundation in Linux.
Lpi 010-160 certification exam is a globally recognized certification program that validates a candidate's knowledge and skills in Linux operating systems. 010-160 exam is designed for individuals who are just starting in their Linux career or those who want to validate their skills in Linux. 010-160 exam covers the fundamental concepts of Linux, including its architecture, installation, command-line usage, and basic administration. Linux Essentials Certificate Exam - version 1.6 certification exam is vendor-neutral, which means that it is not tied to any specific Linux distribution, making it an ideal choice for candidates who want to gain a broad understanding of Linux.
NEW QUESTION # 13
Which of the following commands are used to get information on the proper use of ls? (Choose two correct answers.)
- A. usage ls
- B. option ls
- C. man ls
- D. info ls
- E. manual ls
Answer: C,D
Explanation:
Explanation
The commands man ls and info ls are used to get information on the proper use of ls. The man command displays the manual page for a given command, which contains a description, synopsis, options, examples, and other details. The info command displays the info page for a given command, which is similar to the manual page but may have more information and hyperlinks. The option ls, usage ls, and manual ls commands are not valid commands in Linux and will result in an error message. References:
* Linux Essentials Exam Objectives, Version 1.6, Topic 103.1, Weight 2
* Linux Essentials Certification Guide, Chapter 3, Page 51-52
* Ls Command in Linux (List Files and Directories) | Linuxize
NEW QUESTION # 14
Which of the following tasks can the command passwd accomplish? (Choose two.)
- A. Change a user's username.
- B. Change a user's password.
- C. Lock a user account.
- D. Create a new user group.
- E. Create a new user account.
Answer: B,C
Explanation:
Explanation
The passwd command in Linux is used to change the password of a user account. A normal user can run passwd to change their own password, and a system administrator (the superuser) can use passwd to change another user's password, or define how that account's password can beused or changed1. The passwd command can also be used to lock or unlock a user account. Locking a user account means disabling the user's ability to log in to the system, while unlocking a user account means restoring the user's ability to log in. To lock a user account, the passwd command can be used with the -l option, followed by the username. To unlock a user account, the passwd command can be used with the -u option, followed by the username12. The passwd command cannot be used to change a user's username, create a new user account, or create a new user group. These tasks require different commands, such as usermod, useradd, orgroupadd345. References: 1:
Linux Passwd Command Help and Examples 2: Passwd command in Linux: 8 Practical Examples 3:
usermod(8) - Linux man page 4: useradd(8) - Linux man page 5: groupadd(8) - Linux man page
NEW QUESTION # 15
Most commands on Linux can display information on their usage. How can this information typically be displayed?
- A. By running the command with the option /doc or /documentation.
- B. By running the command with the option ?! or ?=!.
- C. By running the command with the option /? or /??.
- D. By running the command with the option -h or --help.
- E. By running the command with the option -m or --manpage.
Answer: E
NEW QUESTION # 16
What are the differences between a private web browser window and a regular web browser window? (Choose three.)
- A. Private web browser windows do not keep records in the browser history.
- B. Private web browser windows do not send regular stored cookies.
- C. Private web browser windows do not store cookies persistently.
- D. Private web browser windows do not support logins into websites.
- E. Private web browser windows do not allow printing or storing websites.
Answer: A,B,C
NEW QUESTION # 17
Which of the followingtaroptions handle compression? (Choose two correct answers.)
- A. -j
- B. -z2
- C. -z
- D. -g
- E. -bz
Answer: A,C
Explanation:
Explanation
The tar command is used to create or extract compressed archive files that contain multiple files or directories.
The tar command has the following syntax: tar [options] [archive-file] [file or directory...]. The options argument specifies how the tar command should operate and what kind of compression should be used. The archive-file argument is the name of the archive file to be created or extracted. The file or directory argument is the name of one or more files or directories to be included in or extracted from the archive file.
The following are some of the common options for the tar command:
* -c: create a new archive file.
* -x: extract files from an existing archive file.
* -t: list the contents of an archive file.
* -v: show the progress of the operation.
* -f: specify the name of the archive file.
* -z: use gzip compression or decompression.
* -j: use bzip2 compression or decompression.
* -J: use xz compression or decompression.
The options -z and -j are used to handle compression with the tar command. The option -z uses the gzip program to compress or decompress the archive file, which usually has the extension .tar.gz or .tgz. The option
-j uses the bzip2 program to compress or decompress the archive file, which usually has the extension .tar.bz2 or .tbz. Both gzip and bzip2 are popular compression programs that reduce the size of files by removing redundant or unnecessary information.
For example, to create a compressed archive file called backup.tar.gz that contains the files and directories in the current directory, the following command can be used:
tar -czvf backup.tar.gz .
To extract the files and directories from the archive file backup.tar.gz to the current directory, the following command can be used:
tar -xzvf backup.tar.gz
To create a compressed archive file called backup.tar.bz2 that contains the files and directories in the current directory, the following command can be used:
tar -cjvf backup.tar.bz2 .
To extract the files and directories from the archive file backup.tar.bz2 to the current directory, the following command can be used:
tar -xjvf backup.tar.bz2
The other options in the question are not related to compression. The option -bz is invalid, as there is no such option for the tar command. The option -g is used to create or update an incremental archive file, which only contains the files that have changed since the last backup. The option -z2 is also invalid, as there is no such option for the tar command. References:
* Linux Essentials Version 1.6 Objectives: 3.1. Archiving Files on the Command Line1
* Linux Essentials Version 1.6 Exam Study Resources: Linux Essentials Manual - Chapter 9. The Power of the Command Line - 9.1. Archiving Files on the Command Line - 9.1.1. The tar Command2
* Linux Essentials Version 1.6 Exam Study Resources: Linux Essentials Manual - Appendix A. Answers to the Exercises - Chapter 9. The Power of the Command Line - 9.1. Archiving Files on the Command Line - Exercise 9.1.12
NEW QUESTION # 18
Which of the following commands shows the absolute path to the current working directory?
- A. who
- B. ls -l
- C. pwd
- D. cd ..
- E. cd ~/home
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 19
What is true about the su command?
- A. It can only be used by the user root.
- B. It changes the name of the main administrator account.
- C. It is the default shell of the root account.
- D. It runs a shell or command as another user.
- E. It locks the root account in specific time frames.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
The su command stands for substitute user or switch user. It allows you to run a shell or a command as another user, usually the superuser or root. To use the su command, you need to know the password of the target user.
For example, if you want to switch to the root user, you can type su - and enter the root password. This will give you a root shell, where you can execute commands with administrative privileges. To exit the root shell, you can type exit or press Ctrl-D. The su command is not the default shell of the root account, nor can it only be used by the root user. It can be used by any user who knows the password of another user. The su command does not change the name of the main administrator account, which is always root on Linux systems. The su command also does not lock the root account in specific time frames, although there are other ways to do that, such as using the pam_time module. References:
* Linux Essentials - Linux Professional Institute (LPI), section 5.1.1
* LPI Linux Essentials Study Guide: Exam 010 v1.6, 3rd Edition, chapter 9, page 219.
NEW QUESTION # 20
What are the differences between hard disk drives and solid state disks? (Choose two correct answers.)
- A. Hard disks have a motor and moving parts, solid state disks do not.
- B. Solid state disks provide faster access to stored data than hard disks.
- C. Hard disks can fail due to physical damage, while solid state disks cannot fail.
- D. /dev/sdais a hard disk device while/dev/ssdais a solid state disk.
- E. Solid state disks can store many times as much data as hard disk drives.
Answer: A,B
Explanation:
Explanation
The main difference between hard disk drives (HDDs) and solid state drives (SSDs) is the way they store and access data. HDDs use a spinning disk (platter) and a moving head to read and write data, while SSDs use flash memory chips that have no moving parts. This makes SSDs faster, quieter, and more durable than HDDs, but also more expensive and less spacious. HDDs and SSDs are both I/O devices that can be used to boot the system and store data, but they have different advantages and disadvantages depending on the use case.
References:
* Difference between Hard Disk Drive (HDD) and Solid State Drive (SSD)
* Hard Disk Drive (HDD) vs. Solid State Drive (SSD): What's the Difference?
* How to Check Whether Your Disk Is an SSD or HDD on Linux
NEW QUESTION # 21
What information can be displayed bytop?
- A. Running processes, ordered by CPU or RAM consumption.
- B. User groups, ordered by the number of members.
- C. Existing files, ordered by their size.
- D. User accounts, ordered by the number of files.
- E. User accounts, ordered by the number of logins.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
The top command is a Linux command that shows the running processes on the system. It provides a dynamic real-time view of the system performance and resource usage. The top command can display various information about the processes, such as their process ID, user, priority, state, CPU and memory usage, command name, and more. The top command can also sort the processes by different criteria, such as CPU or RAM consumption, by using the interactive commands. The top command is useful for monitoring the system load and identifying the processes that are consuming the most resources. References:
* Linux Essentials Topic 104: The Linux Operating System, section 104.3: Basic features and commands of the Linux standard shells.
* Linux Essentials Topic 106: Security and File Permissions, section 106.4: Monitor and manage Linux processes.
NEW QUESTION # 22
What information is stored in /etc/passwd? (Choose three.)
- A. The username
- B. The numerical user ID
- C. The encrypted password
- D. The user\s default shell
- E. The user's storage space limit
Answer: A,B,C
NEW QUESTION # 23
Which of the following commands finds all lines in the file operating-systems.txt which contain the term linux, regardless of the case?
- A. igrep linux operating-systems.txt
- B. cut linux operating-systems.txt
- C. less -i linux operating-systems.txt
- D. cut [Ll] [Ii] [Nn] [Uu] [Xx] operating-systems.txt
- E. grep -i linux operating-systems.txt
Answer: E
Explanation:
Explanation
The grep command is used to search for a pattern in a file or input. The -i option makes the search case-insensitive, meaning that it will match both uppercase and lowercase letters. The grep command takes the pattern as the first argument and the file name as the second argument. Therefore, the command grep -i linux operating-systems.txt will find all lines in the file operating-systems.txt which contain the term linux, regardless of the case. References: Linux Essentials - Topic 103: Finding Linux Documentation and Linux Essentials - Topic 104: Command Line Basics
NEW QUESTION # 24
Which of the following statements is true about Free Software?
- A. It only runs on Linux.
- B. It is only distributed as a compiled binary.
- C. It must always be available free of charge.
- D. It may be modified by anyone using it.
- E. It is developed by volunteers only.
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 25
When typing a long command line at the shell, what single character can be used to split a command across multiple lines?
Answer:
Explanation:
\
NEW QUESTION # 26
Which permissions are set on a regular file once thepermissions have been modified with the command chmod 654 file.txt?
- A. d-wxr-x--
- B. -rwxrw---x
- C. drw-r-xr--
- D. -wxr-x--x
- E. -rw-r-xr--
Answer: E
NEW QUESTION # 27
The file script.sh in the current directory contains the following content:
#!/bin/bash echo $MYVAR
The following commands are used to execute this script:
MYVAR=value
./script.sh
The result is an empty line instead of the content of the variable MYVAR. How should MYVAR be set in order to make script.sh display the content of MYVAR?
- A. export MYVAR=value
- B. MYVAR=value
- C. $MYVAR=value
- D. !MYVAR=value
- E. env MYVAR=value
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 28
Which of the following are typical services offered by public cloud providers? (Choose three correct answers.)
- A. Infrastructure as a Service(IaaS)
- B. Platform as a Service(PaaS)
- C. Internet as a Service(IaaS)
- D. Software as a Service (SaaS)
- E. Graphics as a Service (GaaS)
Answer: A,B,D
Explanation:
Explanation
These are the three most common service models offered by public cloud providers12. They differ in the level of abstraction and control they provide to the customers.
* Platform as a Service (PaaS) is a service model where the public cloud provider offers a ready-to-use platform for developing, testing, and deploying applications. The provider manages the underlying infrastructure, such as servers, storage, network, and operating system, while the customer only needs to focus on the application code andconfiguration. Examples of PaaS include Google App Engine, IBM Cloud Foundry, and Microsoft Azure App Service12.
* Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) is a service model where the public cloud provider offers access to fundamental compute, network, and storage resources on demand over the public Internet or through dedicated connections. The provider manages the physical hardware and virtualization layer, while the customer has full control over the configuration and management of the virtual machines, operating system, and applications. Examples of IaaS include Google Compute Engine, IBM Cloud Virtual Servers, and Microsoft Azure Virtual Machines12.
* Software as a Service (SaaS) is a service model where the public cloud provider offers ready-to-use software applications that run on the provider's infrastructure and are accessible through a web browser or a mobile app. The provider manages the entire software stack, including the infrastructure, platform, and application, while the customer only needs to pay for the usage or subscription of the service. Examples of SaaS include Google Workspace, IBM Watson, and Microsoft Office 36512.
References:
* What is Public Cloud | IBM
* What Is a Public Cloud? | Google Cloud
NEW QUESTION # 29
Which command copies the contents of the directory /etc/, including all sub-directories, to /root/?
- A. copy /etc /root
- B. cp -v /etc/* /root
- C. cp -R /etc/*.* /root
- D. cp -r /etc/* /root
- E. rcp /etc/* /root
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
The correct command to copy the contents of the directory /etc/, including all sub-directories, to /root/ is cp -r
/etc/* /root. This command uses the cp command, which stands for copy, and is used to copy files and directories on Linux and Unix systems. The command also uses the following options and arguments123:
* The -r option, which stands for recursive, and tells cp to copy all files and sub-directories of the source directory. Alternatively, the -R option can be used, which has the same effect as -r.
* The /etc/* argument, which specifies the source directory and all its contents. The asterisk (*) is a wildcard character that matches any file or directory name. This argument tells cp to copy everything inside the /etc/ directory, but not the directory itself.
* The /root argument, which specifies the destination directory. This argument tells cp to copy the source files and sub-directories to the /root/ directory.
The other options are incorrect because they use different commands or syntax that do not copy the contents of the directory /etc/, including all sub-directories, to /root/. For example:
* Option A uses the copy command, which is not a valid Linux command. The correct command is cp.
* Option C uses the -v option, which stands for verbose, and tells cp to print verbose output. This option does not affect the copying process, but only the output. It also does not include the -r or -R option, which is necessary to copy the sub-directories.
* Option D uses the rcp command, which stands for remote copy, and is used to copy files between different hosts on a network. This command is not relevant for copying files on the same host.
* Option E uses the -R option, which is correct, but also uses the . argument, which is incorrect. The dot (.) is a special character that matches any single character. This argument tells cp to copy only the files and directories that have a dot in their name, which may exclude some files and directories that do not have a dot.
References: 1: Cp Command in Linux (Copy Files) | Linuxize 2: cp command in Linux with examples - GeeksforGeeks 3: How to Copy Files and Directories in the Linux Terminal
NEW QUESTION # 30
Which of the following is a protocol used for automatic IP address configuration?
- A. SMTP
- B. DHCP
- C. LDAP
- D. NFS
- E. DNS
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
DHCP stands for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. It is a protocol that provides quick, automatic, and central management for the distribution of IP addresses within a network. It also configures other network information, such as the subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS server information, on the device1. DHCP uses a client/server architecture, where a DHCP server issues unique IP addresses and automatically configures the devices that request them2. DHCP allows devices to move freely from one network to another and receive an IP address automatically, which is helpful with mobile devices1.
The other options are not protocols used for automatic IP address configuration. NFS stands for Network File System, which is a protocol that allows a user to access and modify files over a network as if they were on their own computer. LDAP stands for Lightweight Directory Access Protocol, which is a protocol that provides access to a centralized directory service that stores information about users, groups, computers, and other resources on a network. SMTP stands for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, which is a protocol that enables the sending and receiving of email messages over a network. DNS stands for Domain Name System, which is a protocol that translates domain names into IP addresses and vice versa. References:
* Linux Essentials Exam Objectives, Version 1.6, Topic 105.1, Weight 4
* What Is DHCP? (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) - Lifewire
* Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) | Microsoft Learn
* Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol - Wikipedia
* How does AutoIP work? - Barix
* [Network File System - Wikipedia]
* [Lightweight Directory Access Protocol - Wikipedia]
* [Simple Mail Transfer Protocol - Wikipedia]
* [Domain Name System - Wikipedia]
NEW QUESTION # 31
Which of the following examples shows the general structure of a for loop in a shell script?
- A. for file in *.txt do
echo $i done - B. for *.txt ( echo $i )
- C. for ls *.txt exec {} \;
- D. foreach @{file} { echo $i
} - E. for *.txt as file => echo $file
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
The general structure of a for loop in a shell script is as follows12:
for variable in list do commands done
The variable is the name of a loop counter or iterator that takes on the values of the items in the list. The list can be a sequence of words, numbers, filenames, or the output of a command. The commands are the body of the loop that are executed for each value of the variable. The do and done keywords mark the beginning and the end of the loop body.
The option C. for file in *.txt do echo $i done follows this structure, with the variable being file, the list being
*.txt (which matches all the files with the .txt extension in the current directory), and the command being echo
$i (which prints the value of the variable i, which is presumably set somewhere else in the script).
The other options are incorrect because:
* A. for *.txt as file => echo $file uses an invalid syntax for a for loop. The as keyword is not part of the shell script syntax, and the => symbol is not a valid operator. The correct way to write this loop would be:
for file in *.txt do echo $file done
* B. for *.txt ( echo $i ) uses an invalid syntax for a for loop. The parentheses are not part of the shell script syntax, and the loop body is missing the do and done keywords. The correct way to write this loop would be:
for i in *.txt do echo $i done
* D. for ls *.txt exec {} ; uses an invalid syntax for a for loop. The ls command is not a valid variable name, and the exec {} ; is not a valid command. This looks like a mix of a for loop and a find command.
The correct way to write this loop would be:
for file in *.txt do exec $file done
* E. foreach @{file} { echo $i } uses an invalid syntax for a for loop. The foreach keyword is not part of the shell script syntax, and the @{file} and { echo $i } are not valid expressions. This looks like a mix of a for loop and a Perl syntax. The correct way to write this loop would be:
for file in * do echo $file done
References:
* Looping Statements | Shell Script - GeeksforGeeks
* How do I write a 'for' loop in Bash? - Stack Overflow
NEW QUESTION # 32
A directory contains the following three files:
texts 1.txt
texts 2.txt
texts 3.csv
Which command copies the two files ending in .txtto the /tmp/directory?
- A. cp ?.txt /tmp/
- B. cp $?.txt /tmp/
- C. cp ??.txt /tmp/
- D. cp. \.txt /tmp/
- E. cp *.txt /tmp/
Answer: E
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
NEW QUESTION # 33
Which of the following commands extracts the contents of the compressed archive file1.tar.gz?
- A. tar --extract file1.tar.gz
- B. tar -czf file1.tar.gz
- C. detar file1.tar.gz
- D. tar -xzf file1.tar.gz
- E. ztar file1.tar.gz
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
The correct command to extract the contents of the compressed archive file1.tar.gz is tar -xzf file1.tar.gz. This command uses the following options:
* -x means extract files from an archive.
* -z means filter the archive through gzip, which is a compression program that reduces the size of files.
* -f means use the following archive file name, which is file1.tar.gz in this case.
The other commands are incorrect for the following reasons:
* tar -czf file1.tar.gz creates a compressed archive file1.tar.gz from the files specified after the command, not extract it.
* ztar file1.tar.gz is not a valid command, as ztar is not a standard program or option for tar.
* tar --extract file1.tar.gz is missing the -z option to handle the gzip compression, and also the -f option to specify the file name.
* detar file1.tar.gz is not a valid command, as detar is not a standard program or option for tar.
References:
* Linux Essentials - Topic 106: The Linux Operating System, section 106.2 Use single shell commands and one line command sequences to perform basic tasks on the command line.
* LPI Linux Essentials Study Guide: Exam 010 v1.6, 3rd Edition, Chapter 5: Working with Files and Directories, section Compressing and Archiving Files.
NEW QUESTION # 34
Which of the following examples shows the general structure of a forloop in a shell script?
for *.txt as file => echo $file
- A. echo $i
} - B. foreach @{file} {
- C. for *.txt ( echo $i )
- D. for file in *.txt
- E. do
echo $i
done
for ls *.txt exec {} \;
Answer: E
NEW QUESTION # 35
Which of the following keys can be pressed to exit less?
- A. e
- B. x
- C. l
- D. !
- E. q
Answer: E
NEW QUESTION # 36
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