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NEW QUESTION # 40
Your organization is considering using open-source tools. You have been told you need to be aware of the terms of the GNU general public license.
What is the basic concept of this license? [1]
- A. You are allowed to use the software internally, but it cannot be incorporated into any product for which you will receive a profit.
- B. A small license fee must be paid to the supplier of the software.
- C. If you're going to distribute the software, you need to do so with the same terms as were applied when you received the software.
- D. Anyone can use the software anytime for any reason.
Answer: C
Explanation:
The GNU General Public License (GPL) is a free, copyleft license that allows users to change and share all versions of a program. The basic concept of the GPL is that if you distribute the software, you must do so under the same license terms as when you received it. This ensures that the freedoms to use, study, share, and modify the software are preserved1.
References:
* GNU General Public License - Wikipedia1
* Licenses - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation2
* GNU General Public License - Techopedia3
* GNU General Public License - Simple English Wikipedia4
* GNU General Public License | GPLv3 explained | Snyk5
NEW QUESTION # 41
Which of the following is a project risk mitigation step you might take as test manager? 1 credit
- A. Hiring a contractor after a test analyst leaves the company
- B. Testing for performance problems
- C. Performing a project retrospective meeting using the test results after each increment
- D. Arranging a back-up test environment in case the existing one fails during testing
Answer: D
Explanation:
Topic 5, Scenario 5, V2 "Human Resource System"
For the first increment of the new enterprise HR product you have performed a product risk analysis using the FMEA method. Five risk items have been identified and the likelihood and impact have been scored using scoring tables. This has resulted in the following scores:
NEW QUESTION # 42
Most managers in your company consider the efforts of your test team valuable, while others see comprehensive testing as an unnecessary cost overhead to the SDLC.
What action could the Test Manager take to quantify the value of testing to the organization? [3]
- A. Determine the cost of external failures.
- B. Review the Test Plan with the management team.
- C. Develop metrics that illustrate planned and actual testing hours.
- D. Demonstrate the role QA has in similar size organizations.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Determining the cost of external failures involves analyzing the impact of defects that escape into production.
This includes the direct costs associated with fixing the defects, as well as the indirect costs such as customer dissatisfaction, damage to the company's reputation, and potential loss of business. By quantifying these costs, the Test Manager can illustrate the financial benefits of comprehensive testing in preventing high-cost external failures, thereby demonstrating its value as an investment rather than a cost overhead.
References:The ISTQB Advanced Level Test Manager documents provide guidelines on how to establish and use metrics to measure the effectiveness and efficiency of the testing process, including the cost of quality and the Return on Investment (ROI) for testing activities. These references support the rationale behind choosing option C as the verified answer.
NEW QUESTION # 43
When closing out a defect report, which of the following developer commentaries is most likely to motivate a tester? [1]
- A. Fixed - error in build caused compatibility issues
- B. Rejected - system is functioning as designed
- C. Rejected - would take too long to fix
- D. Fixed - minor usability issue, wasn't worth the time to fix it
Answer: A
Explanation:
This developer commentary is most likely to motivate a tester because it acknowledges the tester's contribution in finding a defect that affected the product's functionality and compatibility. It also shows that the developer took the defect seriously and fixed it promptly. This commentary demonstrates respect and appreciation for the tester's work and fosters a collaborative relationship between the developer and the tester. 21 inspirational quotes about software testingWhat motivates you - Take the Motivation Test References:
* 21 inspirational quotes about software testing - Testlio
* What motivates you - Take the Motivation Test | SeeMyPersonality
NEW QUESTION # 44
You are a new Test Manager on a maintenance release for an existing mature product that is expected to be retired in the not too distant future. The previous release had utilized a performance regression test suite written in an in-house custom tool using the same programming language as the product itself. This suite will most likely require tweaking to ensure it works with the new version of the product. While there are several members in the performance testing team, the original author of the performance testing tool has moved on to another company, and none of the remaining staff have a great deal of familiarity with the performance test scripts used to test this product.
How would you recommend this scenario be addressed? [3]
- A. Make the in-house tool available to the open source community.
- B. Leverage the development team to fill any knowledge gaps in the in-house tool.
- C. Retire the in-house tool and switch to a vendor supported tool for performance testing.
- D. Reduce the scope of the product testing to exclude performance testing.
Answer: B
Explanation:
The best option to address this scenario is to leverage the development team to fill any knowledge gaps in the in-house tool. This option allows the test team to reuse the existing performance test suite and avoid the risks and costs of switching to a new tool or excluding performance testing altogether. The development team can provide support and guidance to the test team on how to use and modify the in-house tool, since it is written in the same programming language as the product itself. This option also preserves the intellectual property of the organization and does not expose the in-house tool to the open source community. ISTQB Advanced Level Test Manager SyllabusAdvanced Software Testing - Vol. 2 References:
* ISTQB Advanced Level Test Manager Syllabus
* Advanced Software Testing - Vol. 2, 2nd Edition
NEW QUESTION # 45
Given the following figures for the testing on a project, and assuming the failure rate for initial tests remains constant and that all retests pass, what number of tests remain to be run? 3 credits
- A. 0
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 3
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 46
During what step of the Fundamental Test Process should you define the methods to be used to collect test metrics? [1]
- A. Execution
- B. Analysis
- C. Planning
- D. Closure
Answer: C
Explanation:
The correct answer is B. Planning. This is because test metrics are quantitative measures that are used to monitor and control the test process, and to evaluate the test results and quality. Test metrics should be defined during the planning step of the Fundamental Test Process, which is the activity of establishing the test objectives, scope, approach, resources, schedule, and deliverables. By defining the methods to be used to collect test metrics during the planning step, the test team can ensure that the test metrics are aligned with the test plan and the project goals, and that the data collection process is consistent and efficient. Test Metrics - ISTQB not-for-profit association References: Certified Tester Advanced Level Test Manager (CTAL-TM) - ISTQB not-for-profit association, ISTQB Test Manager Certification - ISTQB Exams Worldwide - ISTQB Official Registration, Test Metrics - ISTQB not-for-profit association
NEW QUESTION # 47
You are reviewing the project's traceability matrix after the first cycle of testing. You have discovered that new requirements have been introduced and others have changed.
What should you do? [2]
- A. Ask for more time and budget for testing.
- B. Update the "lessons learned" document to avoid future issues similar to this.
- C. Assign the new requirements to a maintenance release, update the test documentation for the changed requirements.
- D. Re-assess the test coverage.
Answer: D
Explanation:
The best action that you should take in this situation is to re-assess the test coverage. This is because the traceability matrix is a document that shows the relationship between the requirements and the test cases, and it can be used to measure the test coverage, which is the degree to which the requirements are tested. If new requirements have been introduced and others have changed, the test coverage may be affected, and some test cases may become obsolete or incomplete. Therefore, you should re-assess the test coverage and update the test cases accordingly, to ensure that the testing is consistent with the current requirements and the test objectives. Traceability Matrix - ISTQB not-for-profit association References: Certified Tester Advanced Level Test Manager (CTAL-TM) - ISTQB not-for-profit association, ISTQB Test Manager Certification - ISTQB Exams Worldwide - ISTQB Official Registration, Traceability Matrix - ISTQB not-for-profit association
NEW QUESTION # 48
In general which part of the testing activity is most difficult to estimate? 1 credit
- A. Test execution
- B. Test design
- C. Test management
- D. Test planning
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 49
A test assessment has been carried out using the selected model as a reference framework. A number of recommendations have been identified and you are asked to prioritize them. Based on your knowledge of the project, you are expecting severe resistance to change. Which of the following would be the most important selection criterion for defining the priority of the recommendations? 2 credits
- A. Most visible to stakeholders
- B. Low costs actions first
- C. Synchronized with the overall long-term organizational strategy
- D. Defined according to the maturity model used
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
NEW QUESTION # 50
Relying only on the information provided in the scenario, select the TWO items and/or features for which sufficient information is available to proceed with test design. 2 credits
- A. Response time
- B. Language localization
- C. All supported credit cards
- D. Usability
- E. Valid and invalid advances
Answer: C,E
NEW QUESTION # 51
You have directed one of your testers to construct a "smoke test" to execute against new builds prior to starting formal testing. This is an example of which software development lifecycle activity?
[1]
- A. Project management
- B. Technical support
- C. Software development and maintenance
- D. Change and configuration management
Answer: D
Explanation:
The correct answer is C. Change and configuration management. This is because a smoke test is a type of test that checks the basic functionality and stability of a new build before proceeding to more detailed testing. A smoke test is an example of change and configuration management, which is the activity of controlling and tracking the changes made to the software and its configuration items throughout the software development lifecycle. References: Certified Tester Advanced Level Test Manager (CTAL-TM) - ISTQB not-for-profit association, ISTQB Test Manager Certification - ISTQB Exams Worldwide - ISTQB Official Registration, Managing the Test Team - ISTQB not-for-profit association
NEW QUESTION # 52
You have done a comprehensive risk analysis. You have involved the appropriate people in assessing the risks and determining the likelihood and impact of those risks. You have been testing for three months and have been able to mitigate 75% of the high risk items. You have two weeks left in testing and you now do not expect to be able to complete all the items on the high-risk mitigation list, never mind any from the medium or low-risk lists.
What is the most effective action you should take? [3]
- A. Retest the highest risk areas to ensure no regressions have occurred.
- B. Use a random selection algorithm to pick tests from the high, medium, and low risk mitigation lists - thereby ensuring that each risk list has some mitigation.
- C. Present your risk mitigation progress and project status to the project's stakeholders, and request additional time or assistance in re-prioritizing the remaining high-risk items.
- D. Concentrate testing in areas that have already found numerous problems.
Answer: C
Explanation:
When faced with the inability to complete all items on the high-risk mitigation list within the remaining time, the most effective action is to communicate the current progress and challenges to the stakeholders. This allows for a collaborative decision-making process to re-prioritize the remaining high-risk items and potentially secure additional resources or time to address them.
References:The ISTQB Advanced Level Test Manager syllabus emphasizes the importance of continuous monitoring and control of test activities to achieve project objectives, which includes assessing and reporting relevant and timely test status to project stakeholders123. It also highlights the need for test managers to organize and lead risk identification and analysis sessions, and use the results for test planning, monitoring, and control2.
NEW QUESTION # 53
Which of the following is a typical use of risk analysis? [1]
- A. Deciding what personnel should be assigned to which tests
- B. Identifying the appropriate depth of testing for each identified risk
- C. Forecasting the product delivery date
- D. Determining the design of the tests used to mitigate each identified risk
Answer: B
Explanation:
Risk analysis is typically used to identify the appropriate depth of testing for each identified risk. This involves assessing the potential impact and likelihood of risks to prioritize testing efforts and ensure that high-risk areas are thoroughly tested.
References:The ISTQB Advanced Level Test Manager syllabus and e-learning materials emphasize the importance of organizing and leading risk identification and risk analysis sessions. The outcomes of these sessions are used for test estimation, planning, monitoring, and control, which includes determining the depth of testing based on the identified risks
NEW QUESTION # 54
Which of the following should be considered the biggest risk to the schedule when trying to implement formal scripted test cases early in the SDLC for a system with a large GUI front end? [2]
- A. The testers will be working on analysis and design early in the schedule.
- B. The developers may feel pressured not to change anything.
- C. Early implementation might uncover errors in the design documentation.
- D. Test maintenance might be required due to changes in the presentation layer.
Answer: D
Explanation:
In the context of a system with a large GUI front end, the biggest risk to the schedule when implementing formal scripted test cases early in the SDLC is the potential need for test maintenance due to changes in the presentation layer. This is because the GUI is often subject to change, especially in theearly stages of development, as feedback is received and design adjustments are made. These changes can render early test scripts obsolete, requiring updates and maintenance, which can be time-consuming and delay the testing schedule.
References: The answer is supported by the ISTQB Advanced Level Test Manager Syllabus, which emphasizes the importance of considering the volatility of the test object when planning test case design and implementation.
NEW QUESTION # 55
You are the Test Manager of a four-person test team working for a small distribution company with a single warehouse. Your team has been working with a third party development team on a new inventory management system. The company expects this system to generate approximately one million dollars per annum in profits for the company. Early in the project, various risks were identified, and steps taken to mitigate those risks.
For example, you sent your test team for training on the new system, and upgraded the test environment. There are still some lingering risks that have not been addressed, but they have been determined to have a low chance of occurring, with minimal impact if they do occur.
What would be the best option to mitigate these remaining risks? [3]
- A. Note the risks, and ignore them for now.
- B. Create a cross-functional team to work to reduce the impact and likelihood of these risks coming to fruition.
- C. Redo the project test plan to add additional testing for these risk items.
- D. Contract with the Risk Protection Insurance company to assume these risks at a cost of $500,000 per annum.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Creating a cross-functional team to address the remaining risks is the best option, as it actively involves various stakeholders in the mitigation process. This approach allows for diverse perspectives and expertise to be applied to reduce both the likelihood of the risks occurring and their potential impact, without incurring excessive costs or ignoring the risks altogether.
References:The ISTQB Advanced Level Test Manager syllabus and related documents emphasize the importance of risk management throughout the testing process. It suggests that forming teams to address risks can be an effective strategy, as it leverages collective knowledge and resources to mitigate risks in a cost-effective manner
NEW QUESTION # 56
Which of the following is a factor that is likely to increase the test estimate? [1]
- A. A requirement for high level test documentation
- B. Use of a new technology
- C. Assigned personnel who are experienced on working with similar projects in similar environments
- D. Static test data
Answer: B
Explanation:
A test estimate is an approximation of the amount of effort, time, and resources required to perform testing activities for a software project1. A test estimate can be influenced by various factors, such as the size, complexity, and quality of the software, the scope, objectives, and approach of the testing, the skills, experience, and availability of the test team, the tools, methods, and standards used for testing, and the constraints, risks, and assumptions related to the project2. One of the factors that is likely to increase the test estimate is the use of a new technology. A new technology is a technology that is unfamiliar or unproven to the test team or the organization, such as a new programming language, framework, platform, or tool3. The use of a new technology can increase the test estimate because it may require more time and effort to learn, understand, and apply the technology, as well as to deal with potential issues, challenges, or limitations that may arise from the technology. Therefore, option A is the correct answer. Option B is incorrect because a requirement for high level test documentation is not a factor that is likely to increase the test estimate, but rather a factor that is likely to increase the test documentation effort. Test documentation is the set of documents that describe the test basis, test objectives, test design, test procedures, test results, and test evaluation of a software project. A requirement for high level test documentation means that the test documents need to be detailed, comprehensive, and consistent, which may require more time and effort to produce, review, and maintain. However, this does not necessarily affect the test estimate, as the test documentation effort can be considered as a separate or parallel activity to the test execution effort. Option C is incorrect because assigned personnel who are experienced on working with similar projects in similar environments isnot a factor that is likely to increase the test estimate, but rather a factor that is likely to decrease the test estimate. Experienced personnel are personnel who have the relevant knowledge, skills, and abilities to perform the testing activities for a software project. Assigned personnel who are experienced on working with similar projects in similar environments can decrease the test estimate because they may require less time and effort to understand, design, implement, and execute the tests, as well as to deal with potential issues, challenges, or limitations that may arise from the project. Option D is incorrect because static test data is not a factor that is likely to increase the test estimate, but rather a factor that is likely to decrease the test estimate. Test data is the data that is used as input or output for the tests. Static test data is test data that is fixed and predefined, and does not change during the test execution. Static test data can decrease the test estimate because it may require less time and effort to create, manage, and maintain, as well as to ensure the validity, reliability, and traceability of the test data. References: 1: ISTQB Glossary, Test Estimate 2: ISTQB Advanced Level Test Manager Syllabus, Section 3.1.1 3: What is New Technology? - Definition from Techopedia : The Impact of New Technologies on Software Testing : ISTQB Glossary, Test Documentation :
ISTQB Glossary, Experienced-Based Test Technique : ISTQB Glossary, Test Data : ISTQB Glossary, Static Test Data : Test Manager - ISTQB not-for-profit association : [ISTQB Foundation Level #38 - Test Estimation Techniques - Software Testing Mentor] : [What are the estimation techniques in software testing?]
NEW QUESTION # 57
Since the system is in the medical domain and therefore in the safety critical area, testing needs to be rigorous and evidence is required that the system has been adequately tested. Identify THREE measures that would typically be part of the test approach in this domain and which are not always applicable in other domains! 1 credit
- A. Traceability to requirements
- B. High level of documentation
- C. Reviews
- D. Master test planning
- E. Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) sessions
- F. Non-functional testing
- G. Test design techniques
Answer: A,B,E
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
NEW QUESTION # 58
Your test process is fully integrated into the software development lifecycle. You are at which TMMi level?
[1]
- A. Optimized
- B. Managed
- C. Initial
- D. Defined
Answer: D
Explanation:
According to the TMMi model, the test process is fully integrated into the software development lifecycle at the Defined level. This level establishes that all projects are following the same standards and procedures throughout the organization or organizational unit. Test is integrated into the development life cycle and into all projects from early in development. TMMi ModelTMMi Introduction References:
* TMMi Model - TMMi
* What is TMMI (Test Maturity Model Integration) in Software Testing?
NEW QUESTION # 59
In general, why is it NOT a good idea to estimate the testing effort based only on a percentage of development effort? Identify THREE valid reasons. 1 credit
- A. The maturity of the organization, e.g. the quality of the test basis, quality of development testing, configuration management, availability of test tools, also influence the effort needed for testing.
- B. The quality of the development estimate may be poor.
- C. It builds on large set of historical data
- D. The result is almost always a too low estimate for the required test effort
- E. The percentage based technique only applies to the V life cycle model.
- F. In general bottom-up estimation is always better than top-down estimation.
- G. Using the same percentage every time does not address the level of risk of the application to be tested.
Answer: A,B,G
NEW QUESTION # 60
Given is the following defect removal chart reported at the end of system testing - showing total defects detected and closed defects (fixed and successfully retested). A number of open defects are classified as critical. All tests have been executed.
Based on the chart above, what is the most appropriate next test phase? 1 credit
- A. Acceptance testing to verify operational requirements
- B. Requirements testing as part of testing regulatory compliance
- C. Another system test cycle to verify defect resolution
- D. Acceptance testing to verify the business process
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
NEW QUESTION # 61
Which one of the following estimation approaches is appropriate at this stage of the project? 2 credits
- A. Create an estimate based on the function point analysis technique and test point analysis
- B. Create an estimate based on the credentials of the successful bidder
- C. Create an estimate based on the complexity of the code
- D. Create an estimate based on a percentage of the development effort
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
NEW QUESTION # 62
IEEE 1028 also defines "management review" as a type of review. What is the main purpose of a management review? 1 credit
- A. Provide independent evaluation of compliance to processes, regulations, standards etc.
- B. Establish a common understanding of requirements
- C. Align technical concepts during the design phase
- D. To monitor progress, assess the status of a project, and make decisions about future actions
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
NEW QUESTION # 63
Which of the following are valid reasons for adopting a different life cycle (from the V model), for increments after the first year? 2 credits i. We do not have a clear understanding of the requirements from a customer perspective.
ii. We see the risk of delivering requested functionality late as being higher than the risk of delivering a lower quality product.
iii. We do not have a budget for additional regression testing which is needed to ensure that existing functionality is not compromised by future iterations.
iv. The company test strategy does not fit well within the V life cycle model.
- A. (ii) and (iv)
- B. (ii) and (iii)
- C. (i) and (ii)
- D. (i) and (iv)
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Topic 6, Scenario 6, V4 "Independent Test Team"
You have for a while been trying to hire a second test automation specialist for your test team However, you did not have any luck in finding a suitable candidate. So now, you have been asked by IT management of XYZ to forward a proposal with alternative solutions for building an automated regression test suite at system test level over a period of 2 years including needed training and eventual handover to the test team.
NEW QUESTION # 64
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