If set 5 consists of the squares of the integers from -5 to 5. inclusive, how many elements are in set S ?

• A. 5
• B. 10
• C. 11
• D. 25
• E. 6

Some archaeologists speculate that the Americas might have been initially colonized between 40.000 and
25.000 years ago. However, to support this theory it is necessary to explain the absence of generally accepted habitation sites for that time interval in what is now the United States. Australia, which has a smaller land area than the United States, has many such sites, supporting the generally accepted claim that the continent was colonized by humans at least 40.000 years ago. Australia is less densely populated (resulting in lower chances of discovering sites) and with its overall greater aridity would have presented conditions less favorable for hunter-gatherer occupation. Proportionally, at least as much land area has been lost from the coastal regions of Australia because of postglacial sea-level rise as in the United States, so any coastal archaeological record in Australia should have been depleted about as much as a coastal record in the United States. Since there are so many resource-rich rivers leading inland from the United States coastline, it seems implausible that a growing population of humans would have confined itself to coasts for thousands of years. If inhabitants were present
25.000 years ago. the chances of their appearing in the archaeological record would seem to be greater than for Australia.
The author of the passage implies that, in what is now the United States, archaeological evidence of inhabitation in the period from 40.000 to 25.000 years ago is lacking because that region

• A. was colonized less than 25.000 years ago
• B. was sparsely populated until about 25.000 years ago
• C. was inhabited only by hunter-gatherers until 25.000 years ago
• D. had its oldest habitation sites inundated following a postglacial rise in sea level
• E. has many resource-rich rivers that facilitated the dispersal of its early inhabitants from an initial concentration in coastal areas

Ii is irue lhal science, and more particularly scientists._________cherished paradigms with great reluctance and that when they do. scientific revolutions may result.

• A. embrace
• B. unify
• C. relinquish
• D. cede
• E. dismantle
• F. share

Female Australian Dunaiothhps [small, sap-sucking insects] create tent-like structures on the surface of leaves to protect themselves and their eggs and larvae from desiccation in the arid Australian climate. Bono and Crespi compared survival and reproduction of thrips that founded structures alone with those in groups of two or more individuals. They found that although per capita egg production fell with increasing group size, foundresses were more likely to survive and lay eggs in groups than when alone. Several studies of other species of nest-building insects have concluded that foundress associations are beneficial to all parties. It is likely that the relative success of groups is at least in part accounted for by a reduction of energy use in the modification of a shared nest.
The author mentions "desiccation" primarily to

• A. analyze an environmental challenge faced by some insect species
• B. describe an environment suitable for one species* reproduction
• C. characterize a stage in an insect species' developmental cycle
• D. exemplify a changing feature of a particular climate
• E. identify the purpose served by a particular behavior

The_________of biographies of antebellum capitalists is particularly striking in contrast with the abundance of life stones of industrialists in later eras.

• A. dearth
• B. brevity
• C. triteness
• D. banality
• E. utility
• F. paucity